Proteus can cause urinary tract infections
and hospital-acquired infections. Proteus is unique, however, because it is
highly motile and does not form regular colonies. Instead, Proteus forms what are
known as "swarming colonies" when plated on non-inhibitory media. The most
important member of this genus is considered to be P.mirabilis, a cause of wound and
urinary tract infections. Fortunately, most strains of P. mirabilis are sensitive
to ampicillin and cephalosporins. Unlike its relative, P. vulgaris is not
sensitive to these antibiotics. However, this organism is isolated less often in the
laboratory and usually only targets immunosuppressed individuals. P. mirabilis
and P. vulgaris can be differentiated by an indole test for which only P.
vulgaris tests positive.
P. vulgaris occurs naturally in the intestines of humans and
a wide variety of animals; also manure, soil and polluted waters.
More than 80% of human urinary tract infections (UTI) are due to the
bacterium, Escherichia coli, but urinary infections due to Proteus mirabilis
are also well documented. P. mirabilis once attached to urinary tract, infects the kidney
more commonly than E. coli. P. mirabilis belongs to Enterobacteriaceae
and is a gram-negative motile swarmer bacterium. P. mirabilis are often found as
free living organisms in soil and water but they are also parasitic in the upper urinary
tract of human beings.
Phage Therapy for Treating Proteus Infections
Phage Therapy
Center
Phage Therapy Center treats antibiotic-resistant infections. [More information...]
Additional Information About Phage Therapy for this Condition
Hirzfield Institute of Immunology and Virology
Efficacy of Phage Therapy - Clinical Trials
Hirzfield Institute of Immunology and Virology
Bacteriophage
therapy of bacterial infections an update of our Institute`s experience
Hirzfield Institute of Immunology and Virology
THERAPY
OF INFECTIONS IN CANCER PATIENTS WITH BACTERIOPHAGES
Hirzfield Institute of Immunology and Virology
THERAPEUTIC
USE OF BACTERIOPHAGES IN BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Antimicrobal Agents and Chemotherapy
Phage
Therapy
Biotechnology and Development Monitor
Bacteriophages:
An alternative to antibiotics?
Evergreen State College
Polish
Research
March
2000 Addendum
Phage
as Antibiotics
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1967 Feb
Effectiveness of phage therapy in experimental proteus infection
Eliava Institute
List of Bacteriophages
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2003
Experimental Protection of Mice against Lethal Staphylococcus
aureus Infection by Novel Bacteriophage  MR11
A series of rigorous studies into phage therapy by Smith et
al. in the 1980s made a significant contribution that led to
reevaluation of phage efficacy against infections of E. coli,
Acinetobacter baumanii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella
species, Lactococcus garvieae, and Enterococcus faecium in
animal models or in natural animal targets of these virulent
microbes. These, together with the present study, support the potential
of phage therapy against various bacterial infectious diseases; in
fact, successful treatment for humans has been reportedly achieved
in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
Medical Information
eMedicine
Proteus
Infections
UTMB Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
Escherichia,
Klebsiella, Enterobacter,Serratia, Citrobacter, and Proteus
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Molecular
Characterization of the Genera Proteus, Morganella, and Providencia
by Ribotyping
Doctor's Guide
Proteus Infection May Be Linked to Rheumatoid Arthritis
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been have significantly elevated IgG and IgM
antibodies to Proteus mirabilis and antibodies to both EQRRAA and ESSRAL peptides,
according researchers in both Finland and Japan. |
